Visitors to Turkey can enjoy breathtaking natural beauty combined with unique historical and archaeological sites. Surrounded on three sides by three different seas, its shores are lined with beaches, bays, coves, ports, islands and peninsulas. The summers are lengthy, lasting as long as eight months in some areas, making it a perfect sunshine destination from early Spring through to late Autumn. Turkey is also blessed with majestic mountains and valleys, lakes, rivers, waterfalls and grottoes.
Turkey is a vast peninsula, covering an area of 814,578 square kilometres and linking Asia to Europe through the Sea of Marmara and the Straits of Istanbul and Çanakkale. The country is characterised by a central plateau surrounded by chains of mountains on the north, west and south and a rugged mountainous region in the east with an average elevation of 1,050 metres. In the west, the mountains descend gently towards the sea. The northern Anatolia mountain range, and the Taurus range in the south, stretches like arcs, becoming ever denser in the east. Turkey's highest mountain peak at 5,165 metres is Mount Ararat, situated in the north east. It is believed to have been the final resting place for Noah's Ark.
The country is like a mosaic made up of many different reliefs and formations: parallel mountain ranges, extinct volcanoes, plateaux fissured by valleys and plains. Although overall classed as temperate, the climate varies considerably from region to region; a temperate climate in the Black Sea Region, a Mediterranean climate on the southern coast and the Aegean, a continental and arid climate on the central plateau and a harsh mountain climate in eastern Turkey. Due to these variations in climate, the fauna and flora are some of the richest in Europe and the Middle East, with more than 10,000 species of plants in Turkey, 20% of which are found only in these lands.
Turkey is separated into seven geographical regions, which are, in order of size: East Anatolia (21 %), Central Anatolia (20%), Black Sea (18%), Mediterranean (15%), Aegean (10%), Marmara (8.5%) and Southeast Anatolia (7.5%).
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